Angels of Wrath - The Women of Richard III - Literature Essay Samples

And lived with looking on his images;But now two mirrors of his princely semblanceAre cracked in pieces by malignant death,And I for comfort have but one false glassThat grieves me when I see my shame in him.Thus does the Duchess of York lament the birth of her own son, Richard III, perhaps Shakespeares most evil creation. A machiavellian who delights in governing with fear and force, his evil is only offset by his ready and cunning wit. As his talents lead others to self-destruction, the audience too succumbs to Richards wit and egoism until finally his cruelty appears repulsive and destructive. Yet Shakespeare does provide a counterpoint, a sharp contrast, to Richards villainy. The women of Richard III function as voices of protest and morality. They often see through Richards intrigues and predict the dire consequences of his acts. Shakespeare uses the women to point out moral truths and emphasize general principles of the Elizabethan worldview of moral and political order ( Tillyard 108). Whereas Shakespeares Richard III pursues his malevolent intentions wielding a disarming wit and a bloody, conscience-less sword, the women of the play derive what power they have from sincere verbal poison and from raw, unbridled sentiment. Lady Anne, the Duchess of York, Margaret and Elizabeth, subverted in their roles as queens, mothers and wives, each contribute to the furthering of Shakespeares moral themes in several waysthrough their roles as victims as expressed in their intense lamentations, in their cries for revenge through divine retribution, and in alluding to a higher moral order that transcends the actions of the men (Tillyard 107). In each of these ways, the women of Richard III help illustrate how destruction comes about when order, both political and moral, is violated, either by the weakness of a reigning king, or through the machinations of those who cause civil war by wanting to take the kings place. Such instability and chaos devastates the in dividual, the family, and the nation, resulting in moral decay, treachery, anarchy and a profound level of human suffering.The world that Shakespeare portrays in Richard III is a mans world (Asimov 313). The women are presented as sideline characters that function only to grieve, complain, or bury the dead. Richard himself views women as tools, as shown by his various asides to the audience when he announces his plots, in which the marrying of Anne or Elizabeth are only moves in his elaborate games of intrigue and power. Shakespeare further emphasizes the womans inferior role as Richard invariably allocates his own guilt along sexual lines so that women are the root his evil (Tillyard 111). He declares to his condemned brother Clarence that this it is when men are ruled by women, implying that it was Queen Elizabeth who tempted her husband into the harsh extremity of executing his own brother, thereby deflecting blame from himself, the true perpetrator of the plot. Simply, plain Clarence, laughs Richard. I do love thee so that I will shortly send thy soul to heaven.Overwhelmingly, the women are victims of such political machinations, and though their vulnerability allows their manipulation, the eloquent expressions of their grief shows not only that Richards schemes are played out on people whose agony of body and spirit can be intensely real, but also shows that the state of civil turmoil, disorder, and treachery that has prevailed since the War of the Roses began leaves no one untouched by suffering.Anne, the first woman we are introduced to, is grief stricken by the deaths of her husband Edward and his father King Henry VI, both slain by the hand of Richard. Poor key-cold figure of a holy king, / Pale ashes of the house of Lancaster, she cries. Be it lawful that I invocate thy ghost / To hear the lamentations of poor Anne. In portraying this genuine heartbreak, Shakespeare gives the audience its first taste of the despair wrought by his villain-hero s handiwork. At the same time, the allocation of guilt is further evident. When Anne charges him with the bloody murders of her loved ones, Richard initially scrambles for a surrogate, blaming Edward IV and Margaret) before hitting upon a far more effective line, accusing Anne as the primary causer of the deaths (Tillyard 111). Your beauty was the cause of that effect! / Your beauty that did haunt me in my sleep! / To undertake the death of all the world, / So I might live one hour in your sweet bosom. Shakespeare expands scope of the grief in the second scene of Act II, in which both Elizabeth and the Duchess lament and enumerate similar losses of loved ones. The Duchess cries in agony, Was never mother had so dear a loss. / Alas! I am the mother of these griefs! / Alas! You three on me, threefold distressed, / Pour all your tears! I am your sorrows nurse, / and I will pamper it with lamentation. The Duchess here laments that Richard, her false glass of comfort, has plucked my two crutches from my feeble hands, the crutches being her sons Clarence and Edward. She calls for the former Queen Margaret, who has lost her husband and son, for the Queen Elizabeth who has lost her husband, and for the orphaned children of Clarence, to pour their collective grief onto her, for she is the mother of the fiend that wrought this avalanche of distress.Act IV contains some of the plays most poignant lines when Elizabeth looks back on the Tower, suspecting she may never see her imprisoned sons again. Ah my, poor princes! / If yet your gentle souls fly in the air, hover about me with your airy wings / And hear your mothers lamentation. It is in this moment, as Richard condemns the young and innocent princes to die, that the audience finally finds Richards cruelty to be repulsive, and thus turn their sympathy toward the victims of his villainy. In the same scene, the Duchess sums up the state of despair all the women find themselves in when she says, I to my grave, w here peace and rest lie with me! / Eighty odd years of sorrow have I seen, and each hours joy wracked with a week of teen. Though one can call the Duchess and the former Queen Margaret monotones of complaint, the point is made that this individual devastation is the result of the disaster that has befallen the nation as a whole. Everyone is taintedeven the women are not entirely guiltless in the struggle between the warring houses. Through their passive acceptance, as in Annes acceptance of Richards proposal, to Margarets very active part as a soldier in the battlefield, the blood and barbarities of civil strife have reduced everyone, but especially the women, to helpless creatures who can only recite psalms of grief, guilt, and sorrow.Finally, in the fourth scene of Act IV, the wailing queens Margaret, the Duchess, and Elizabeth unite in their mournings. Again, Shakespeare uses the women to emphasize the woeful state of the nation. Elizabeth asks Margaret to teach her how to cur se, cursing being the only outlet for these women, powerful in title but impotent in reality, incapable of stemming the tide of sorrow and suffering the disorder of the times has wrought. Forbear to sleep the nights, and fast the days / Compare dead happiness with living woe / Bettring thy loss makes the bad causer worse; / Revolving this will teach thee how to curse, replies Margaret to Elizabeths plea. As the women lament their loss, the audience is once again made aware of how destructive Richards vengeful crimes against the world have been. Shakespeare uses their sorrow to finally illuminate Richard as the villain that he is.In considerations of the way women employs women as scapegoats and currency, younger females have received the most attention (Succio 51). However, when we consider how Richard uses women as ciphers, three older womenQueen Elizabeth, Margaret and the Duchess of Yorkstep reluctantly into the foreground. All of these women suffer, on one level, a loss of definition at the hand of Richard. Not only does Richard subvert the role of queen, he also undermines the roles of mother and wife (Tillyard 117). For example while the death of Edward robs Elizabeth of a husband, it robs the Duchess of York of a son. Her stock now depleted by two-thirds, the Duchess turns to Elizabeth commenting that unlike her, Thou art a widow, yet thou art a mother / And hast the comfort of thy children left. In addressing Elizabeths yet current claim to motherhood, the Duchess appears to abjure her own; it is as if she no longer wants to assume the title of mother if Richard is the son who grants her this right; accepting motherhood means accepting responsibility for all these griefs, for the losses sustained by Elizabeth and by Clarences Children. It is not enough for one mother to abandon her claim to the title of mother; Richard pursues a course of action that eventually forces Elizabeth to relinquish her claim also. As this process is set in motion, the Protector refuses to grant Elizabeth her status as mother, refusing to admit her to the Tower to see her children. Elizabeth cries in protest, Hath he set bounds between their love and me? / I am their mother; who shall bar me from them? Yet after the deaths of young Edward and Richard, Elizabeth is forced to perform an about-face in order to protect her remaining child. Because of Richards manipulations, a mothers name is ominous to children; hence, she must deny her title of mother in order to express her genuine identity a mother concerned for her childrens welfare. She dispatches her son Dorset to FranceO Dorset, speak not to me, get thee gone!and expresses her willingness to deny the legitimacy of young Elizabeths birth to save her marriage from Richard. Ill corrupt her manners, stain her beauty, / Slander myself as false to Edwards bed / I will confess she was not Edwards daughter. It is the love of a mother for her daughter, which prompts Elizabeths offer; she willi ngly renounces her titles of both wife and legitimate mother (Tillyard 118). In these examples, Richards general course of action is such to encourage women to abandon traditional titles, to de-identify themselves. Both the womens resistance and passivity to this desire endures them to the audience as victims undeserving of Richards seemingly interminable malice.When the women are not grieving, they are often venting their hate. The expressions of Margarets thirst for revenge are her curses, and she levels them generously on all who contributed to her personal losses: while she also evokes the mechanical aspect of justice when she prophesizes their destruction. Can curses pierce clouds, and enter heaven? she cries. Why then, give way, dull clouds, to my quick curses. After foretelling the fates of all the lords, ladies, queens, princes and kings that she feels have perpetrated her downfall, she turns her wrath on Richard (Succio42). On thee, the troubler of the poor worlds pe ace! / The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul! / Thy friends suspect for traitors while thou livest, / And take deep traitors for thy dearest friends! / No sleep close up that deadly eye of thine, / Unless it be while some tormenting dream. Here the audience first glimpses the scope of the destruction that vengeful hate will cause. The already damned former queen will watch with only a tempered satisfaction as all of her curses are fulfilled with startling clarity. Each of the women join Margaret in cursing Richard, the most concentrated representation of the evil and illness that pervades the country, but it is interesting to note how often the curse reverses on the curser. Anne acknowledges this, thus admitting to her own duplicity in the mess everyone finds themselves in. As she stands before the corpse of her murdered father-in-law, she condemns herself unknowingly. If he ever have a wife, let her be made / More miserable by the death of him / Than I am made by my you ng lord and thee! Of course, as she succumbs to the sweetened words of Richard and accepts his offer of marriage, the curse she has made falls upon her. Within so small a time, my womans ear / Grossly grew captive to his honeyed words / And proved the subject of mine own souls curse. Richard loses any shred of sympathy or support when his own mother curses herself for hatching a cockatrice whose unavoided eye is murderous. Thus, Shakespeare once again demonstrates that even to the perpetrator, revenge is ultimately destructive in its very nature. This theme is constantly apparent, as by the end of the play, the description alivebut neither mother, wife nor Englands queen applies to Margaret, Elizabeth and the Duchess. All the scenes of female lamentation are riddled with curses, calling for justice when all are guilty (Succio 45). Shakespeare uses the women to illustrate how England itself is under a curse of civil dissension and moral ill (Tillyard 113). The ring of curses and the cries for justice directly reflect how deep the morass of blood, treachery, and disorder has become, and how urgently rightful order needs to be restored.But does vengeance belong to man or God? Shakespeare uses the tension created by Margarets curses and cries for personal revenge to answer this question in the person of Richmond. Throughout the play a moral order that transcends mens actions is eluded to but never given full expression until the last act. It is to this moral order, this immutable form of divine justice, that all the women are appealing when they cry to the heavens for their wrongs to be righted, especially poignant in the wailing queens' scene (Tillyard 113). In this scene, Margaret points out to Elizabeth how temporal life is: For happy wife, a most distressed widow;; / For joyful mother, one that wails the name; / Thus hath the course of justice whirled about / And left thee but a very prey to time.However, though Margaret uses this allusion to tempora lity to emphasize the maxim what goes around comes around, she confuses the fulfillment of her wishes with divine justice. Her curses come true because they should have, not because she wants them to (Succio 45). She, like the other women, tend to be morally myopic in their cries for justice, unable, or unwilling, to recognize their own guilt. Shakespeare makes Margaret the incarnation of the wrong sort of justice, derived from the Old Testament style of retributive justice, but he contrasts her with Richmond who submits himself to a higher order and incorporates forgiveness into his idea of justice (Succio 48). In Gods name, cheerly on, courageous friends, Richmond humbly says to his army. Reap the harvest of perpetual peace, / By this one trial of bloody war. Here it is clear that Richmond is not fighting a war for the sake of personal gain. He is fighting in order to rid England of Richard, that wretched, bloody, usurping boar. The fact that Shakespeare portrays Richmond as the nations savior, not bringing him into the play until the last scene and making plain that Richmond alone is untainted by the treachery that has gone before, endorses the fact that Shakespeare himself felt that vengeance belonged to God, made plain when Richmond submits himself to this higher order (Tillyard 141).In the last scene when Richard and Richmond present their soliloquies, the contrast between submission to order and extreme individualism is very clearly the contrast between good and evil. Here Shakespeare makes it clear that there is an existence beyond the realm of men that nevertheless has a profound effect on human life and experience (Succio 51). Margaret and the other women of the play serve to bring about this realization, through their lamentations and cries for revenge, that something over and above the world of men is needed to right the state of the country. They cry to this higher order and bring the need for its intervention to our attention, and this is t heir greatest contribution. Only their own participation in furthering the state of disorder prevents them from benefiting significantly from orders restoration in the form of Richmonds victory.Cicero once said, Justice is the essential virtue and moral right is the basis of action. In Richard III, Shakespeare shows how the existing order of England has been violated and presents the conflict and turmoil that results on both the individual and national levels. Order is restored only by the eradication of the forces that originally violated it and Shakespeare shows that these forces were essentially immoral in nature. The female characters are the major vehicles of this view, by voicing the sorrow that results from the disruption of moral order, through their cries for retributive justice, and through their appeals for this justice from a divine realm. They are the essential contrast to Richards evil, and through their struggles against his dominance they serve not only to illustrate the necessity of the restoration of order, but also to bring about that restoration. In moral terms, the women of the play thus serve to mitigate the natural destructiveness inherent in a male dominated world.Works CitedAsimov, Isaac. Asimovs Guide to Shakespeare. New York: Avenel Books, 1958.Succio, Peter. Manipulations of Curses in Richard III. Meanings of Shakespeare. Ed. Richard S. Sylvester. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968. 39-48.Shakespeare, William. Richard III. New York: Washington Square Press, 1960.Tillyard, E.M.W. The Personal Dramas of Richard III William Shakespeare: The Histories. London: Greenhaven Press, 1971.

The Significance Of Money In The Relationships Between Men And Women - 550 Words

The Significance Of Money In The Relationships Between Men And Women (Book Review Sample) Content: Name Professor Course Date A Doll’s House Ibsen’s A Doll’s House depicts material dependency concerning the affairs of the heart and exposes several delusions of romantic idealism during the time. Talking about the money theme and how it affects all characters provides insights into the significance of money in the relationships of women and men in the drama. However, the drama is focused around the marriage relationship between Torvald and Nora, the play explores how the need for money influences the society. The 19th century was largely affected by economic and social changes that saw the society shifting from rural agricultural societies to urban manufacturing based communities. Therefore, an individual’s place in society coincided with one’s ability in making and controlling money. In the beginning of the play, Torvald can be seen to have been recently promoted and is expected to receive a huge income increment, however he still censures Nora for too much spending, arguing for the need of financial caution (TÃ ¶rnqvist 2). People like Torvald with professions such as lawyers or bankers controlled money, and coincidentally they were almost habitually male. Therefore, their ability to control money made it possible for them other people’s lives, as well as defining morals (Unwin 43). Hence, because Torvald was a banker enabled him the position to sit on the moral judgment on Krogstad and Mrs Linde in deciding which of them should be allowed to work. From the beginning to the end of the play, there are interactions about money, and the initial interactions between Torvald and Nora reveals how Nora knew that behaving in particular subservient way, would prompt Torvald to give her more money. Later in the play, the audience can see Nora using similar manipulations on Dr. Rank by drawing attention to the manner in which women tended to exchange sexual favors in return for money in the unequal society (Ibsen 29). By Torvald teasing Nora about being spend thrift, it is apparent that is Torvald’s way of exposing his dominance over her. Thus, Torvald controls money and hence controls the relationship. Furthermore, Nora’s attempt to take part control of money in the relationship by taking out a loan ends in great disaster, since her husband felt morally ashamed by her action. According to Torvald, Nora’s action placed him at the mercy of Krogstad, which implied that his moral standing as a man in the society was compromised (TÃ ¶rnqvist 2). Mrs. Linde’s life is also highly influenced by the importance of money. During her youth she was in love with Krogstad but chose to marry someone else whose fina...

Cultural Revolution Of The 1920s Essay - 745 Words

The 1920s were times of cultural revolution. The times were changing in many different ways. Whenever the times change, there is a clash between the quot;oldquot; and the quot;newquot; generations. The 1920s were no exception. In Dayton, Tennessee, 1925, a high school biology teacher was arrested. He was arrested because he taught the theory of evolution. The teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of having violated the Butler Act. This was a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of the theory of evolution in public schools. The Tennessee legislature felt that teaching evolution was wrong because it contradicted the creation theory of the Bible. The Scopes trial received worldwide publicity. The press nicknamed it the Monkey Trial†¦show more content†¦U. S. Attorney-General Palmer planned a round up of communists. January 2, 1920, he ordered department raids on meeting halls and homes in thirty cities nationwide to gather all suspected communists. Twenty seven hundred people were arrested without being charged with a specific crime. In all, more than 6,000 people were arrested. The raids ended after May 5th. This was due to a government ruling that mere membership in the party is not in itself a crime. Most people that were arrested were released, few of the people arrested were actually communists. The Red Scare continued when on April 1, five legitimately elected members of the New York State legislature were expelled for being members of the Socialist Party. World War I ended in 1920 with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Russia and the United States were allies during the war. After the war, both became the worlds new superpowers. As the tension between the two nations grew, so did the fear of Communism. The Ku Klux Klan was a racist organization founded in 1915 by William Simmons. The KKKs popularity peaked in the 1920s when its membership exceeded 4 million nationally, with strong organizations in the Midwest as well as in the South. The K lan began to persecute Roman Catholics, Jews, foreigners, Communists, and organized labor. Stressing white Protestant domination, the Klan enjoyed a spurt of growth in 1928 as a reaction to the Democrats nomination for president ofShow MoreRelatedThe Roaring 20 s Era Of Growth And Reform1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe era of the 1920s, also known as the Roaring 20’s, was a revolutionary time in which radical changes struck the American nation, drastically increasing advances in society and economy. New and different forms of dance, music, clothing, behavior, and lifestyle were developed nationwide. The Antebellum Period in the late 1700s increased rebellion, similar to the Roaring 20’s era of growth and reform. 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Is Ocean Biodiversity Important - 1442 Words

As you may know, one of the best ways for me to study a particular subject is by trying to explain it to someone else. What I am about to tell you this time, however, is not going to be a review for an exam but it is something that I am deeply passionate about: ocean biodiversity. In the most basic sense, biodiversity is the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat. Why is ocean biodiversity important and how does it play a role in our lives? Boris Worm, a marine research ecologist and associate professor at Dalhousie University in Canada, and his associates explains that, â€Å"local species richness enhance ecosystem productivity and stability†¦ marine ecosystems provide a wide variety goods and services, including vital food resources for millions of people, flood control and waste detoxification† (Worm). In their research study, they discovered that higher diversity of marine plants results in greater ecosystem stability and eighty percent more biomass. 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The History of Abortion and Its Effects - 2555 Words

Abortion is the conclusion of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability. It can also happen unconsciously, which is known as a â€Å"miscarriage.† For centuries the Church accepted abortion and the law did not punish it. Anti-abortion laws began in the United States in the 19th century and in the 20th century many states banished abortion. Abortion laws have been passed for many reasons such as the concern for women’s health, the need of medical profession, culture and religious fear etc. Laws and court decisions toward abortions have changed and strongly influenced American politics and public opinions over the last 50 years. Even though court decisions are placing severe restrictions on†¦show more content†¦Each woman has different feelings. Many women feel that they made the right decision and others feel negative emotions such as grief, guilt, anger, shame, and regret. There are also many risk of abortion, according to Elliot Institute when woman has an abortion can confront some consequence such as death many woman die from abortions every year. Cervical, Ovarian, and Liver Cancer women with a history of one abortion have more probability to get cancer than women with no history of abortion. Increased risk for teenagers, who account for about 30 percent of all abortions, are also at much high risk of suffering many abortion related complications. Psychological Complications study have demonstrative that women who had an abortion were 160 percent more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment, uterine perforation between 2 and 3% of all abortion patients may suffer perforation of their uterus. Immediate Complications the nine most common major complications that can occur at the time of an abortion are: infection, bleeding, embolism, ripping or perforation of the uterus, anesthesia complications, convulsions, hemorrhage, cervical injury, and endotoxin shock. According to the New York Times article Public Opinion on Abortion, 41 percent of Americans would like for abortion to be available but with limitations, 31 percent said it should be available without restriction and 23 percent said that it should be prohibited. MenShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legalized972 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is killing over 1.4 million unborn children in a year (â€Å"They’re Not†). For example, there was the case where a doctor got arrested for killing seven babies and a patient. The clinic he had was described as the house of horror by detectives because doctor Gosnell kept baby parts on a shelf in his clinic. In addition, it was said that he â€Å"forced the live birth of viable babies in the sixth, seventh, and eighth-month pregnancy and then killed those babies by cutting into the back of the neckRead MoreThe Issue Of The Abortion1597 Words   |  7 Pagesissue There are about 31 abortions per 100 live births in Canada: 330,000 live births and 100,000 abortions each year. Top reasons for getting an abortion are: relationship issues, financial issues, ‘not being ready’, emotional issues, birth control failure, and genetic reasons. The abortion rate has increased each year. History of the issue Canada is currently one of few nations where no legal restrictions on aboritons exist today. It has been 143 years since abortion was first criminalized. TheRead MoreAbortion Is The Termination Of A Pregnancy After, Accompanied1435 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus. People have used the negative psychological effects of abortion as a basis to either promote or discourage abortion; making it one of the most highly debated topics for years. Many studies argue that abortion can lead to serious mental illness as people have disclosed effects ranging from depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance abuse, sexualRead MoreEthics And Abortion : Abortion Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesEthics And Abortion According to the authors of a medical dictionary called; the free dictionary, online version, â€Å"abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable.† Viability for a fetus is usually greater than 500 grams, or prior to 20 weeks gestation as noted by those same authors. An abortion may be spontaneous, commonly referred to as a miscarriage, or induced which describes the deliberate interruption of a pregnancy. Those authors assert that it is the viabilityRead MoreAbortion : Causes And Effects1738 Words   |  7 Pagesafter having an abortion. People are led to believe abortion is safe, and that it will only fix your problems rather than create more or different problems. Research may suggest otherwise, and proposes that abortion can cause severe depression, breast cancer, and even death (Brind, 1996; Notman, 1976; Reardon, 2000). Abortion related depression can be caused for many different reasons. The three most common reasons for depression are guilt, shame, and anger. Breast cancer from abortion is believe toRead MoreMichael Schmittinger. Mr. Homan, P.3. America In History1512 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Schmittinger Mr. Homan, p.3 America in History III, 6.0 February 13th, 2017 Abort Roe v. Wade Since the 1973 court case of Roe v. Wade, around 38 million women have gotten away with murder (Williams 54). An abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often occurring in the first 28 weeks (Merriam). The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade ruled that abortions performed in the first trimester are legal and abortions performed out of that time period were to be decidedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Women s Abortion : Quantitative And Qualitative Perspectives On Sexual And Reproductive Health1063 Words   |  5 Pages A. M. (2005). Reasons U.S. women have abortions: Quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 37(3), 110-8. This study addressed the reasons behind why women choose to have abortions. Specifically, the researcher focused on both qualitative and quantitative perspectives to determine the factors that contribute to the decision to have an abortion. Using structured survey, the researcher included 1,209 abortion patients at 11 large providers. The studyRead More History Of Abortion Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pages The History of Abortion nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth. An abortion results in the death of the embryo or fetus and may be either spontaneous or induced. For years, abortion has been an extremely controversial subject. The history of abortion reaches back not just decades, but centuries, and even milleniums. Today, policies regarding legal abortion in the U.S. is being debated everywhere. Many myths and misconceptionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Abortion On Abortions Many People May State1328 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many physiological effects towards abortions many people may state. Others disagree stating there is no physiological impact. This research is very opinion based because everything is so biased. What really happens when babies are aborted. Eclipse of Reason is a 1987 pro-life documentary video directed, filmed, and narrated by Bernard Nathanson, with an introduction by Charlton Hesston. Eclipse of Reason is a follow up to Nathanson’s first f ilm The Silent Scream. They were not always pro-lifeRead MoreShould Abortion Be A Viable Option?943 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Incompetency should be considered in all factors of life. More so when it comes to pregnancy and children. Tina, a 19 year old with self-destructive history has found herself pregnant and incapable of supporting herself or anyone else. Due to living conditions, mental stability, and financial status bringing a child into the world would be morally wrong. The right course of action would be to abort the pregnancy, preventing any damage to the child in the future. Reason 1: Utilitarianism

The Importance of Perception in Face to Face Communication...

The Importance of Perception in Face to Face Communication between Individuals Perception is one of the most important fragments of the communication process. It allows us all to see an individual experience of the world. The process is simple, the brain actively selects, organises and interprets stimuli, in order to process this experience. Even before we engage in communication, we perceive things about the receiver. Whether it’s the bad things we’ve heard about them previously – which would build up a feeling of dislike or the good things e.g. support same football team. Both of these perceptions are examples of stereotyping which will affect the expectation of an individual in a different way†¦show more content†¦Our communication is not produced within any single system, but in the intersection of several interrelated systems, each of which is self-standing necessarily described by dedicated theories, but each of which is both the product of the others and, in its own limited way, an instance of the other. The medium is, as McLuhan famously observed, a message that is inherent to every message that is created in or consumed from a medium. The medium is, to the extent that we can select among media, also a language such that the message of the medium is not only inherent to a message, but often an element of its composition. In what may be the most extreme view enabled by the processing of messages within media, the medium may also be a person and consumes messages, recreates them, and makes the modified messages available for further consumption. A medium is really none of these things. It is fundamentally a system that enables the construction of messages using a set of languages such that they can be consumed. But a medium is also both all of these things and the product of their interaction. People learn, create, and evolve media as a vehicle for enabling the creation and consumption of messages. The same might be said of each of the constituents of this model. People can be, and often are, the medium (insofar as theyShow MoreRelatedDisconnect Between The And Social Disconnect1099 Words   |  5 PagesDisconnect Disconnect is defined as being separated from others (Dolan, 2011). Historically, being disconnected from others was a form of punishment causing fear because individuals naturally seek the company of their peers (Mandernach, Register, O’Donnell, 2015). 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Pedigree Adoption Drive

Questions: 1. Discuss the strategic thought process undertaken by Pedigree for this marketing program.2. How could Pedigree leverage this marketing program to ensure a financialmarketing return on investment?3. What might be the key factors influencing consumer decision making for thepet food category?4. Discuss the pros and cons of such a social media driven campaign. Answers: 1. Pedigree started a campaign to raise awareness of abandoned dogs and took the internet as the medium to convey the message by uploading a series of videos about the homeless dogs called The Underdogs. The main aim of this campaign was to create a link between the audience and homeless dogs. They mainly used Facebook and YouTube for spreading the awareness. Pedigree created a database, PetRescue where all the details about the dogs were stored from around seven hundred sixteen shelters by which any dog can be tracked. A Facebook application named Dog-A-Like was introduced to the customers where the people get connected to PetRescue to find the preferred type of dog they want. The main thought process of the company for this program was to promote the brand itself so that every person buys their product. After the event, the company saw a whooping growth in their customer number. The integral part of their marketing strategy was to put forward the image for the love of dogs. The main focus for helping homeless dogs which were held by the corporate social responsibility (CSR) was perfect for its brand promotion. It not only helped the homeless dogs, but it also got huge customer attention and this made a perfect impact on brand perception. This also got the media coverage from the whole nation which made their brand world renowned for which many companies would be interested in donating and making deals with the company which will benefit the company overall. 2. ROI or Return of investment is a process in which a company can evaluate the ratio of their investment or compare different other investments. It usually measures the amount of profit a company would get on their investment relative to the cost of investment. The company has already shown its love for dogs and they used this strategy to earn the confidence and were able to make successful impact on their customers. Pedigree should focus on making dog foods much better in terms of quality so that everyone would come again. They should be able to solve their customer problems. Out in the market, there are several companies for the same thing but Pedigree should try to focus more on their target customers and should know their needs and try to fulfill these needs. The company also promoted their campaign over the social media where millions of people searched for them and they got a hit which ultimately helped them in getting more recognition as a brand. All these efforts can help them in earning money and make profit for the company. The money that got collected, the company would be able to invest them in some other big projects or for any tie ups with some multinational companies to bring about some innovative changes. The company also got their revenues from the retailer who sold those shirts on that campaign day made on behalf of the company. These are the ways; pedigree can make their profits from the campaign. 3. There are basically 5 factors that can affect the mind of a buyer while buying pet foods are Consumer Behavior, marketing mix, pet retailer, product and services. The way a consumer selects and buys food for their pets to fulfill the basic criteria is called the Consumer Behavior. It is a complex process as it comprises of many things like choosing, using, buying, evaluating and satisfying the needs, wants and desires of the pet. The second is the marketing mix where variety of products are sold under one roof so as to meet the different requirements of the pet lovers and they can know exactly what they need instead of going wandering from different shops. It is achieved by the mix of communication skills, advertisement, sales promotions and direct marketing even reaching out to the targeted customers. The third is the pet retailer where the products are sold directly to the consumers and are easily accessible within a walking distance. The fourth one is the Product quality which is the main thing a consumer sees in a product as every consumer sees their pet as family member and they want to provide them with the best food available in the mar ket. The last one is the services where the customers expect to get any sort of information regarding their product or if they got any queries, it can be resolved or even to get some assistance if any new product arrives in the market about which they are not aware and the persons who are selling these products should have good knowledge about the products too. 4. The following mentioned points are the pros of social media driven campaign. The first one is that it is lot cheaper than other tactics as it does not require any sort of money to promote. Only a nominal fee is required for the advertisement and it gives huge feedback. The second is that it can spread the word to many audiences via Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and YouTube where all kinds of audiences are present. It also builds genuine relationship as here the companies can speak with their customers via chat and can maintain direct contact. The fourth one is that it can build brand loyalty where the customers get what they want and can provide feedback. The fifth one is that it has higher conversion rates as this is a perfect place to sell the ideas and attract the customers also and the last one is that it can provide marketplace insights where transparency is maintained between the customers and the seller. The cons of social media driven campaign are as follows. The first one is Time Intensive as one has to maintain what is going on continuously with their advertisement and how much exposure it is getting. The second one is that the social accounts can get breached by which one can get all the sensitive data and can manipulate with the data. The third one is that it can damage a companys reputation as if they make any mistake; it will be out for display in public and can be directly held against the company.